Any idea to improve your career in the field of medical careers, including prepare yourself early with the training and personal skills development training in simultance. preparation for choosing this work should be maximal. for it is a good idea if you prepare early to equip themselves with some of the world's ability and medical managerial. maybe you can try to follow the consultant interview course, by attending various training and training you will quickly ability to answer consultant interview questions smoothly.
Medicalinterviewsuk.co.uk provides oxford courses, especially for workers medical consultant, to master the things of the clinical world , how to manage and run a good medical business . for the program's medical consultant interviews conducted for the medical consultant was able to work optimally and master consultant interview questions in accordance with the development of clinical world.
program provided for you, including the Teach the Teacher Course for Doctors,
Consultant Medical Interview Course-The Oxford Interview Course,ST Medical Interview Course-The Oxford Interview Course,SpR Management Course for Doctors,Consultant Medical Interview Guide ,Medical CV Writing Guide all with special price.
Nov 5, 2009
Nov 2, 2009
BMW 1 Series
BMW 1 Series (five-door)
* Overview
* Multimedia highlights
* 360° Visualizer
* All the facts
* Configuration / Arrange a test drive
BMW 1 Series Coupé
* Overview
* Multimedia highlights
* 360° Visualizer
* All the facts
* Configuration / Arrange a test drive
BMW 1 Series Convertible
* Overview
* Multimedia highlights
* 360° Visualizer
* All the facts
* Configuration / Arrange a test drive
* Overview
* Multimedia highlights
* 360° Visualizer
* All the facts
* Configuration / Arrange a test drive
BMW 1 Series Coupé
* Overview
* Multimedia highlights
* 360° Visualizer
* All the facts
* Configuration / Arrange a test drive
BMW 1 Series Convertible
* Overview
* Multimedia highlights
* 360° Visualizer
* All the facts
* Configuration / Arrange a test drive
BMW series
The BMW 3 Series is a compact executive car manufactured by the German automaker BMW since May 1975. Successor to the BMW New Class, it has been produced in five different generations and in no less than five different body styles. It is BMW's best selling automobile, accounting for nearly 40% of the company's auto sales in 2005.
Social and marketing significance
BMW released its E21 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, attracting customers seeking both prestige and economy, nearly doubling BMW's worldwide auto sales figures in three years, and winning numerous automotive world awards and honors.
Three decades later, the 3 Series is still the best-selling of its class,[1] as commonplace in Asia, America and Australia as in Europe, and it has even outsold some cheaper models, like Ford Mondeo in the UK.
While some argue that the popularity of the car had reduced its prestigious image, the 3 Series still remains the benchmark and its competitors are often judged on how close they come to this car.
The 3 series has also maintained BMW's racing heritage. The M version of the 3 series, M3, debuted in 1988.[2]
The 3 series cars usually sell well, but two-door versions usually do not sell as well as sedan versions.
3 Series vehicles can be largely differentiated by the series number:
* BMW E21 - (1975–1983) 3 Series
* BMW E30 - (1983–1991) 3 Series
* BMW E36 - (1991–2000) 3 Series
* BMW E46 - (1998–2007) 3 Series
* BMW E90 - (2005–) 3 Series Sedan
* BMW E91 - (2006-) 3 Series Touring
* BMW E92 - (2007-) 3 Series Coupé
* BMW E93 - (2007-) 3 Series Convertible
Social and marketing significance
BMW released its E21 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, attracting customers seeking both prestige and economy, nearly doubling BMW's worldwide auto sales figures in three years, and winning numerous automotive world awards and honors.
Three decades later, the 3 Series is still the best-selling of its class,[1] as commonplace in Asia, America and Australia as in Europe, and it has even outsold some cheaper models, like Ford Mondeo in the UK.
While some argue that the popularity of the car had reduced its prestigious image, the 3 Series still remains the benchmark and its competitors are often judged on how close they come to this car.
The 3 series has also maintained BMW's racing heritage. The M version of the 3 series, M3, debuted in 1988.[2]
The 3 series cars usually sell well, but two-door versions usually do not sell as well as sedan versions.
3 Series vehicles can be largely differentiated by the series number:
* BMW E21 - (1975–1983) 3 Series
* BMW E30 - (1983–1991) 3 Series
* BMW E36 - (1991–2000) 3 Series
* BMW E46 - (1998–2007) 3 Series
* BMW E90 - (2005–) 3 Series Sedan
* BMW E91 - (2006-) 3 Series Touring
* BMW E92 - (2007-) 3 Series Coupé
* BMW E93 - (2007-) 3 Series Convertible
Oct 30, 2009
watch your favorite channel
Trend watch satellite television is already a favorite channel right now, almost all high-quality TV channel can you see with perfect picture quality from all over the world directly. to be able to watch all your favorite channel all in the. to select the type of comprehensive services ranging from installation and operation all the way to get in .
Now there are several providers satellite tv installation service that provides a media recorder, to record every event that you want, if you can not watch the show directly. there are some things that must be considered to obtain the best services, watch your favorite channel, and that is about the price and whatever device you are going to get. on you will find a subscription package that will surely satisfy you in enjoying your own home.
Now there are several providers satellite tv installation service that provides a media recorder, to record every event that you want, if you can not watch the show directly. there are some things that must be considered to obtain the best services, watch your favorite channel, and that is about the price and whatever device you are going to get. on you will find a subscription package that will surely satisfy you in enjoying your own home.
Oct 29, 2009
run a good medical business
if you want to improve your career in the field of medical careers, immediately prepare yourself early with the training and personal skills development training in simultance. preparation for choosing this work should be maximal. for it is a good idea if you prepare early to equip themselves with some of the world's ability and medical managerial. maybe you can try to follow the consultant interview course, by attending various training and training you will quickly ability to answer consultant interview questions smoothly.
Medicalinterviewsuk.co.uk provides oxford courses, especially for workers medical consultant, to master the things of the clinical world , how to manage and run a good medical business . for the program's medical consultant interviews conducted for the medical consultant was able to work optimally and master consultant interview questions in accordance with the development of clinical world.
Medicalinterviewsuk.co.uk provides oxford courses, especially for workers medical consultant, to master the things of the clinical world , how to manage and run a good medical business . for the program's medical consultant interviews conducted for the medical consultant was able to work optimally and master consultant interview questions in accordance with the development of clinical world.
Jersey boys online tickets
Song titles such as "Sherry," "Big Girls Do not Cry," "Rag Doll," "Oh What A Night," "Can not Take My Eyes Off You" certainly no stranger to the hearing. songs that made jersey boys became very famous, not just the song also has a jersey boys gorgeous stage action and very attractive in playing music.
Now an opportunity has been there to see them live musical performances are captivating. just contact cheapseat.com, you immediately get the cheap jersey boys tickets. ticket delivery service that has provided you order so you will not miss to watch the action onstage appearance jersey boys. You can also find Radio City Christmas Spectacular tickets, and dora the explorer thicket low price with best service you will ever get.
Now an opportunity has been there to see them live musical performances are captivating. just contact cheapseat.com, you immediately get the cheap jersey boys tickets. ticket delivery service that has provided you order so you will not miss to watch the action onstage appearance jersey boys. You can also find Radio City Christmas Spectacular tickets, and dora the explorer thicket low price with best service you will ever get.
unaffected by the oil crisis
Gold mining is a commodity item that is very valuable, so that the people of the world use gold as a reserve their investment. One product of the gold is gold coins. This product became popular because of easily stored and used as coins in general.so it is very easy to sell and buy gold coins commodities, therefore it is selling any world market.
Commodity Gold unaffected by the oil crisis and other world crises, which can be accepted in all countries as a major trade commodity. Type famous gold coins including $ 2.5 liberty quarter eagle.
To buy gold coins is very easy to find in some countries where design it. And if you want to buy gold bullion and buy it more secure and profitable than you buy bullion.for more you can find on goldcoinsgain.com for the detail. and in the services to purchase gold bullion was noted also for you who want to sell it back.
Commodity Gold unaffected by the oil crisis and other world crises, which can be accepted in all countries as a major trade commodity. Type famous gold coins including $ 2.5 liberty quarter eagle.
To buy gold coins is very easy to find in some countries where design it. And if you want to buy gold bullion and buy it more secure and profitable than you buy bullion.for more you can find on goldcoinsgain.com for the detail. and in the services to purchase gold bullion was noted also for you who want to sell it back.
Oct 26, 2009
Laser Ford
Relationship to Mazda 323
The Ford Laser was a restyled version of the Familia/323 models produced by Mazda in Japan from 1980 onwards. (Ford had acquired a 25% stake in Mazda in 1979.)
In Australia and New Zealand where Ford was seen as a 'local' brand, the Laser outsold its Mazda twin, but in neighbouring Asian countries, such as Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong, as well as Japan itself, the reverse was the case. However, pooling resources with Mazda allowed Ford to maintain a foothold in the region. This was also the case in South America, Africa, and the Caribbean, where the Laser was also sold, in many cases being locally assembled.
KA 1981-1983, KB 1983-1985
Engine specifications:
* Mazda E1, 41 kW 1.1L Carb 8V SOHC (‘L’ and ‘GL’ New Zealand models)
* Mazda E3, 49 kW 1.3L Carb 8V SOHC (‘L’ and ‘GL’ models)
* Mazda E5, 54 kW 1.5L Carb 8V SOHC (‘L’, ‘GL’ and ‘GHIA’ models)
* Mazda E5, 59 kW 1.5L Twin Carb 8V SOHC (‘Sports’ models)
* Mazda E5T, 78 kW 1.5L Carb 8V SOHC Turbo (limited edition‘Turbo’ models)
* Mazda E5T, 85 kW 1.5L EFI 8V SOHC Turbo (‘Turbo’ Japan models)
The Ford Laser was a restyled version of the Familia/323 models produced by Mazda in Japan from 1980 onwards. (Ford had acquired a 25% stake in Mazda in 1979.)
In Australia and New Zealand where Ford was seen as a 'local' brand, the Laser outsold its Mazda twin, but in neighbouring Asian countries, such as Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong, as well as Japan itself, the reverse was the case. However, pooling resources with Mazda allowed Ford to maintain a foothold in the region. This was also the case in South America, Africa, and the Caribbean, where the Laser was also sold, in many cases being locally assembled.
KA 1981-1983, KB 1983-1985
Engine specifications:
* Mazda E1, 41 kW 1.1L Carb 8V SOHC (‘L’ and ‘GL’ New Zealand models)
* Mazda E3, 49 kW 1.3L Carb 8V SOHC (‘L’ and ‘GL’ models)
* Mazda E5, 54 kW 1.5L Carb 8V SOHC (‘L’, ‘GL’ and ‘GHIA’ models)
* Mazda E5, 59 kW 1.5L Twin Carb 8V SOHC (‘Sports’ models)
* Mazda E5T, 78 kW 1.5L Carb 8V SOHC Turbo (limited edition‘Turbo’ models)
* Mazda E5T, 85 kW 1.5L EFI 8V SOHC Turbo (‘Turbo’ Japan models)
Karimun
The Suzuki Wagon R is a kei car first introduced in Japan in 1993, and is still in production by Suzuki. The R stands for recreation. It is one of the first cars to use the "tall wagon" design in which the car is designed to be unusually tall with a short bonnet and almost vertical hatchback and sides in order to maximise cabin space while staying within the kei car dimension restrictions.
The Wagon R has been the best-selling kei car in Japan since 2003;[1] and in 2008, Suzuki expected to produce its three-millionth Wagon R.
* 1 1st generation (1993-1998)
* 2 2nd generation (1998-2003)
* 3 3rd generation (2003-2008)
o 3.1 Stringray
* 4 4th generation (2008-present)
* 5 Maruti Wagon-R
o 5.1 Initial launch
o 5.2 Design and trim options
o 5.3 Specifications
o 5.4 Driving impressions
* 6 Wagon R-Wide/R+
The Wagon R has been the best-selling kei car in Japan since 2003;[1] and in 2008, Suzuki expected to produce its three-millionth Wagon R.
* 1 1st generation (1993-1998)
* 2 2nd generation (1998-2003)
* 3 3rd generation (2003-2008)
o 3.1 Stringray
* 4 4th generation (2008-present)
* 5 Maruti Wagon-R
o 5.1 Initial launch
o 5.2 Design and trim options
o 5.3 Specifications
o 5.4 Driving impressions
* 6 Wagon R-Wide/R+
Oct 23, 2009
online chemistry tutoring
Feel hard homework so much, but should be finished on time ? it's certainly not an easy work to do. there are many things that may often be done as a way out of this, one of them by looking for help through the Online tutoring.
And specific to the task of the chemistry homework, now existing chemistry help services. This service is made for online chemistry help, so you'll get a complete chemistry tutoring and guided until you fully understand to this chemistry .
Conveys the material by chemistry tutor are professionals and experts in the field of chemistry. This online chemistry tutoring will always help you whenever you need it. and now you can start to thinking about which the homework that must be done first.
And specific to the task of the chemistry homework, now existing chemistry help services. This service is made for online chemistry help, so you'll get a complete chemistry tutoring and guided until you fully understand to this chemistry .
Conveys the material by chemistry tutor are professionals and experts in the field of chemistry. This online chemistry tutoring will always help you whenever you need it. and now you can start to thinking about which the homework that must be done first.
Oct 20, 2009
Swift Sport
The new Suzuki Swift is a compact car that's based on a fresh approach to design and development, delivers a driver and passenger experience that's aimed at placing it in a class of its win, and has true worldwide appeal. It is the beginning of Suzuki's new world-strategy.
The new Swift embodies a new, globally oriented approach to Suzuki car-making.From the very beginning of the new Swift's development programme, a dedicated team of Suzuki designers and engineers collaborated extensively with European automotive professionals and ordinary motoring enthusiasts in pursuit of Suzuki's best compact car ever.
But the new Suzuki Swift is not merely a European-inspired compact car built to Suzuki standards; it's a whole new departure in Suzuki design; one that embodies the unique DNA of a company whose success as a compact-car developer is paralleled by a position as the world's top motorcycle brand.
The new Swift is more eye-catching, more spacious, more refined, more user-friendly, and a whole lot more enjoyable to drive than anything else in the compact-car category. And it gives an exciting glimpse of the new ideas and design approaches that will shape Suzuki models in years to come.
The Suzuki Swift is nameplate marketed by Suzuki carried by vehicles of three distinct derivations:
* First, second and third generations: a supermini that began as an export nameplate of the Japanese domestic market Suzuki Cultus. See: Suzuki Cultus.
* Fourth generation: the previous version sold outside of Japan as the Suzuki Ignis. This car also formed the basis of the Chevrolet Cruze crossover SUV from 2001 to 2008, which was itself sold as an updated Ignis in Europe (this article).
* Fifth generation: the current JDM, Europe, Asia and Oceania generation, a significant departure from the previous models, marketed solely under the nameplate "Swift" (this article).
* Canadian Swift+: the current Canada-only generation marketed under the Swift+ nameplate — a sibling of the Daewoo Kalos family. See: Daewoo Kalos.
Swift Sport
In October 2005, Suzuki launched the Sport version of the new Swift in Japan and in September 2006 the model was introduced in most European markets. Named "Swift Sport", it is powered by a high-revving 1.6 litre, naturally-aspirated DOHC VVT 4-cylinder engine with a 11.1:1 compression ratio, 4-1 exhaust manifold, High lift cams, Forged pistons, and strengthened valve springs.
The 1.6 L engine produces 125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp) at 6600 rpm and 148 N·m (109 lb·ft) torque at 4800 rpm.
The Swift Sport features sportier bumpers and spoilers, a stiffer suspension, twin exhaust pipes, red sport seats (with Recaro seats optional) and 4-wheel disc brakes on 16 in (40 cm) rims. The European Swift Sport features a manual only, 3-door version with 17 in (43 cm) rims and ESP.
The Swift is homologated under the Super 1600 formula to compete in the Junior World Rally Championship.
The new Swift embodies a new, globally oriented approach to Suzuki car-making.From the very beginning of the new Swift's development programme, a dedicated team of Suzuki designers and engineers collaborated extensively with European automotive professionals and ordinary motoring enthusiasts in pursuit of Suzuki's best compact car ever.
But the new Suzuki Swift is not merely a European-inspired compact car built to Suzuki standards; it's a whole new departure in Suzuki design; one that embodies the unique DNA of a company whose success as a compact-car developer is paralleled by a position as the world's top motorcycle brand.
The new Swift is more eye-catching, more spacious, more refined, more user-friendly, and a whole lot more enjoyable to drive than anything else in the compact-car category. And it gives an exciting glimpse of the new ideas and design approaches that will shape Suzuki models in years to come.
The Suzuki Swift is nameplate marketed by Suzuki carried by vehicles of three distinct derivations:
* First, second and third generations: a supermini that began as an export nameplate of the Japanese domestic market Suzuki Cultus. See: Suzuki Cultus.
* Fourth generation: the previous version sold outside of Japan as the Suzuki Ignis. This car also formed the basis of the Chevrolet Cruze crossover SUV from 2001 to 2008, which was itself sold as an updated Ignis in Europe (this article).
* Fifth generation: the current JDM, Europe, Asia and Oceania generation, a significant departure from the previous models, marketed solely under the nameplate "Swift" (this article).
* Canadian Swift+: the current Canada-only generation marketed under the Swift+ nameplate — a sibling of the Daewoo Kalos family. See: Daewoo Kalos.
Swift Sport
In October 2005, Suzuki launched the Sport version of the new Swift in Japan and in September 2006 the model was introduced in most European markets. Named "Swift Sport", it is powered by a high-revving 1.6 litre, naturally-aspirated DOHC VVT 4-cylinder engine with a 11.1:1 compression ratio, 4-1 exhaust manifold, High lift cams, Forged pistons, and strengthened valve springs.
The 1.6 L engine produces 125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp) at 6600 rpm and 148 N·m (109 lb·ft) torque at 4800 rpm.
The Swift Sport features sportier bumpers and spoilers, a stiffer suspension, twin exhaust pipes, red sport seats (with Recaro seats optional) and 4-wheel disc brakes on 16 in (40 cm) rims. The European Swift Sport features a manual only, 3-door version with 17 in (43 cm) rims and ESP.
The Swift is homologated under the Super 1600 formula to compete in the Junior World Rally Championship.
Oct 19, 2009
the original Honda part
From piston rings to vehicles as a whole�that�s how we describe the history of the Honda Motor Company. From simple beginnings, Honda is now known for a lot of things. For one, Honda is the undisputed leader in the manufacture of motorcycles, a title it has held since the 1970s. Also, Honda is among the leading auto manufacturers in Japan and is currently the world�s largest manufacturer of engines.
Socihiro Honda, the founder of Honda Motor Company, started out as a manufacturer of piston rings in 1937. Later, he became a sub-contractor for Toyota and expanded his business to manufacturing other engine parts. After the Second World War, Honda established the Honda Technical Research Institute in Hamamatsu, Japan, which became the Honda Motor Company, Ltd. two years later.
Honda, as a vehicle manufacturer, started out with manufacturing scooters and motorcycles�immediate and affordable modes of transportation for then war torn Japan. In 1959, Honda started importing their scooters and motorcycles in the US with the opening of the American Honda Motor Co., Inc. in Los Angeles. It was only in the 1960s when Honda started manufacturing passenger cars and the first few bunch of cars were intended mostly for the Japanese market. It was not until the 1970s that Honda started large-scale importation of their cars to the US.
Today, there are a multitude of Honda vehicles that can be found in the major thoroughfares of the US. These vehicles are widely praised for their refinement, longevity and reliability. Among the Honda vehicles we have in the market today are the Honda Civic, Honda Accord, Honda CR-V, Honda Element, Honda Odyssey, Honda Pilot and the Honda Ridgeline truck. Aside from these, there are also those Honda vehicles that are no longer in production today but can still be seen in our major roads because of their longevity.
A world leader in many things, Honda could not have been successful with their vehicle ventures should they have not equipped their vehicles with high quality and high performance Honda parts. Each and every Honda is equipped with parts that are designed to last and perform at their best. So each time you have to replace a part of your Honda, you better be sure that it would match the quality of the original Honda part.
Socihiro Honda, the founder of Honda Motor Company, started out as a manufacturer of piston rings in 1937. Later, he became a sub-contractor for Toyota and expanded his business to manufacturing other engine parts. After the Second World War, Honda established the Honda Technical Research Institute in Hamamatsu, Japan, which became the Honda Motor Company, Ltd. two years later.
Honda, as a vehicle manufacturer, started out with manufacturing scooters and motorcycles�immediate and affordable modes of transportation for then war torn Japan. In 1959, Honda started importing their scooters and motorcycles in the US with the opening of the American Honda Motor Co., Inc. in Los Angeles. It was only in the 1960s when Honda started manufacturing passenger cars and the first few bunch of cars were intended mostly for the Japanese market. It was not until the 1970s that Honda started large-scale importation of their cars to the US.
Today, there are a multitude of Honda vehicles that can be found in the major thoroughfares of the US. These vehicles are widely praised for their refinement, longevity and reliability. Among the Honda vehicles we have in the market today are the Honda Civic, Honda Accord, Honda CR-V, Honda Element, Honda Odyssey, Honda Pilot and the Honda Ridgeline truck. Aside from these, there are also those Honda vehicles that are no longer in production today but can still be seen in our major roads because of their longevity.
A world leader in many things, Honda could not have been successful with their vehicle ventures should they have not equipped their vehicles with high quality and high performance Honda parts. Each and every Honda is equipped with parts that are designed to last and perform at their best. So each time you have to replace a part of your Honda, you better be sure that it would match the quality of the original Honda part.
Oct 18, 2009
honda jazz
The Honda Jazz nameplate has been used by Honda of Japan to denote several different motorized vehicles since 1982:
* A 50 cc motorcycle introduced in 1986. Such a scooter (CHF50) still exists, and is currently on sale in Canada. The two models bear no relations to each other.
* The Japanese-market name for the badge-engineered version of the Isuzu Mu ( Isuzu Amigo ) short wheelbase version, known elsewhere as the Opel Frontera, Holden Frontera, or Vauxhall Frontera.
* The European-market name for the Honda City Mk I from 1982 to 1986, as City was already trademarked by Opel.
* A five-door hatchback automobile introduced in June 2001. The vehicle is known as the Fit in Japan, China, as well as in both North and South America. It is called the Jazz in Europe, Oceania, the Middle East, South East Asia, India and Africa.
• Accord • Accord Hybrid • Acty • Airwave/Partner • Ascot • Avancier • Ballade • Beat • Capa • City • City Turbo • Civic • Civic GX • Civic Hybrid • Civic Si • Civic Type R • CR-X • CR-X del Sol • Concerto • Crossroad • CR-V • Domani • Element • Elysion • EV Plus • FCX Clarity • Fit • FR-V • Freed • HR-V • Insight • Inspire • Integra • Jazz • Legend • Life • Life Dunk • Logo • Mobilio • Mobilio Spike • N360 • N600 • NSX • Odyssey • Orthia/Partner • Passport • Pilot/MR-V • Prelude • Quint • Rafaga • Ridgeline • Saber • Stepwgn • Stream • S500 • S600 • S800 • S2000 • That's • Today • Torneo • Vamos • Z • Zest
Concept vehicles
CR-Z • Dualnote • HSC • J-VX • Remix • Spocket • WOW
Acura vehicles
CL • CSX • EL • Integra • Legend • MDX • NSX • RDX • RL • RSX • SLX • TL • TSX • Vigor
Motorcycles
CB series • CBF series • CBR series • CM/CMX series • CR series • CRF series • CX series • Fury • GL series • NSR series • RC series • ST series • VF/VFR series • VT series • VTX series • XR/XL series • XRE300 • Transalp • Africa Twin • Deauville • Bros/HawkGT • NX250 • Pacific Coast • TL Series (Reflex) • Valkyrie • X4
Mopeds and
light motorcycles
Ape • CT series • Cub F • Cub series • Gyro • Motra • P50 • PC50 • ST series/Dax • Wave series • Z series
Aircraft
MH02 • HA-420
Engines
A-series • B-series • B20A • C-series • D-series • E-series • E07A • F-series • F20C • G-series • H-series • J-series • K-series • L-series • Circle L Diesel • N-series Diesel • P07A series • R-series • HF120 Turbofan • VTEC • I-DSi • I-CDTi
Robots
Honda E series • Honda P series • ASIMO
Scooters
Big Ruckus • Dio • Elite S • Elite E • Express • Helix • Juno • Metropolitan • Metropolitan II • Motocompo • NH series • Reflex • Ruckus/Zoomer • Silver Wing
Subsidiaries
Acura • Hero Honda • Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India • Honda Siel Cars India • Honda Racing • Honda F1 • Honda Aircraft Company • Team G Cross Honda
Keiretsu affiliates
Keihin • Showa Corporation • Nippon Seiki
Influential people
Soichiro Honda • Nobuhiko Kawamoto • Takeo Fukui
* A 50 cc motorcycle introduced in 1986. Such a scooter (CHF50) still exists, and is currently on sale in Canada. The two models bear no relations to each other.
* The Japanese-market name for the badge-engineered version of the Isuzu Mu ( Isuzu Amigo ) short wheelbase version, known elsewhere as the Opel Frontera, Holden Frontera, or Vauxhall Frontera.
* The European-market name for the Honda City Mk I from 1982 to 1986, as City was already trademarked by Opel.
* A five-door hatchback automobile introduced in June 2001. The vehicle is known as the Fit in Japan, China, as well as in both North and South America. It is called the Jazz in Europe, Oceania, the Middle East, South East Asia, India and Africa.
• Accord • Accord Hybrid • Acty • Airwave/Partner • Ascot • Avancier • Ballade • Beat • Capa • City • City Turbo • Civic • Civic GX • Civic Hybrid • Civic Si • Civic Type R • CR-X • CR-X del Sol • Concerto • Crossroad • CR-V • Domani • Element • Elysion • EV Plus • FCX Clarity • Fit • FR-V • Freed • HR-V • Insight • Inspire • Integra • Jazz • Legend • Life • Life Dunk • Logo • Mobilio • Mobilio Spike • N360 • N600 • NSX • Odyssey • Orthia/Partner • Passport • Pilot/MR-V • Prelude • Quint • Rafaga • Ridgeline • Saber • Stepwgn • Stream • S500 • S600 • S800 • S2000 • That's • Today • Torneo • Vamos • Z • Zest
Concept vehicles
CR-Z • Dualnote • HSC • J-VX • Remix • Spocket • WOW
Acura vehicles
CL • CSX • EL • Integra • Legend • MDX • NSX • RDX • RL • RSX • SLX • TL • TSX • Vigor
Motorcycles
CB series • CBF series • CBR series • CM/CMX series • CR series • CRF series • CX series • Fury • GL series • NSR series • RC series • ST series • VF/VFR series • VT series • VTX series • XR/XL series • XRE300 • Transalp • Africa Twin • Deauville • Bros/HawkGT • NX250 • Pacific Coast • TL Series (Reflex) • Valkyrie • X4
Mopeds and
light motorcycles
Ape • CT series • Cub F • Cub series • Gyro • Motra • P50 • PC50 • ST series/Dax • Wave series • Z series
Aircraft
MH02 • HA-420
Engines
A-series • B-series • B20A • C-series • D-series • E-series • E07A • F-series • F20C • G-series • H-series • J-series • K-series • L-series • Circle L Diesel • N-series Diesel • P07A series • R-series • HF120 Turbofan • VTEC • I-DSi • I-CDTi
Robots
Honda E series • Honda P series • ASIMO
Scooters
Big Ruckus • Dio • Elite S • Elite E • Express • Helix • Juno • Metropolitan • Metropolitan II • Motocompo • NH series • Reflex • Ruckus/Zoomer • Silver Wing
Subsidiaries
Acura • Hero Honda • Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India • Honda Siel Cars India • Honda Racing • Honda F1 • Honda Aircraft Company • Team G Cross Honda
Keiretsu affiliates
Keihin • Showa Corporation • Nippon Seiki
Influential people
Soichiro Honda • Nobuhiko Kawamoto • Takeo Fukui
Oct 17, 2009
introductions for new modif
* Brake Discs
* Brake Pads
* Oversized Brakes
* EBC Brake Discs
* EBC Brake Pads
* Brembo GT Kits
* Induction Kits
* Gauges
* K&N Air Filters
* Clearance Tuning
* Dump Valves
* Silicone Hoses
* Popular Categories
* Body Kits
* Gauges
* Angle Eye Headlights
* Clearance Styling
* Steering Wheels
* Gear Knobs
* Full Systems
* Peco Back Boxes
* Manifolds
* Scorpion Back Boxes
* Janspeed Systems
* Ashley Back Boxes
* Coilovers
* Spring Kits
* Suspension Kits
* Spax
* Eibach Springs
* Shock Absorbers
* Brake Pads
* Oversized Brakes
* EBC Brake Discs
* EBC Brake Pads
* Brembo GT Kits
* Induction Kits
* Gauges
* K&N Air Filters
* Clearance Tuning
* Dump Valves
* Silicone Hoses
* Popular Categories
* Body Kits
* Gauges
* Angle Eye Headlights
* Clearance Styling
* Steering Wheels
* Gear Knobs
* Full Systems
* Peco Back Boxes
* Manifolds
* Scorpion Back Boxes
* Janspeed Systems
* Ashley Back Boxes
* Coilovers
* Spring Kits
* Suspension Kits
* Spax
* Eibach Springs
* Shock Absorbers
car modif part
Chrome Paint - Chrome paint finish for cars. We look at how to create a chrome paint effect with spray paints."
* Split bonnets
* Caliper painting
* Respraying a car
* Alloy wheels
* Flip Paint
* Lowering
* Wide body kits
* Door conversions
* Dashboard styling
* Single wiper
* Neon lights
* Body kits
* Looks available
* Sprayed art
* car upholstery
* Sport Silencers
* Vents
* Steering Wheels
* Window Tinting
* Plastic painting
* Headlight Conversions
* Silk paint finishes
Car modification & car styling
Track cars are rebuilt each time they are raced and they are set up for optimum conditions on the flat surface of the track. When it comes to modifying a daily runaround car or hot hatch - we have to tune and apply modifications to our cars to work for a year without a service, run over pot holes and speed humps and cope with a variety of weather conditions and loads. We need to establish the sensible car tuning modifications (car mods) that will cope well with everyday driving but help you to get the maximum enjoyment from it. Styling modifications and car styling trends frequently change, we keep you up to date with the latest styling parts, modifications and tips with practical advice.
My motivation for creating this site was the misleading claims made by the manufacturers of performance parts. They often quote power gains of 30bhp and in reality this was achieved on a v8 engine in ideal lab conditions. In the real world some of these mods can rob you of low down power and Torque.
* Split bonnets
* Caliper painting
* Respraying a car
* Alloy wheels
* Flip Paint
* Lowering
* Wide body kits
* Door conversions
* Dashboard styling
* Single wiper
* Neon lights
* Body kits
* Looks available
* Sprayed art
* car upholstery
* Sport Silencers
* Vents
* Steering Wheels
* Window Tinting
* Plastic painting
* Headlight Conversions
* Silk paint finishes
Car modification & car styling
Track cars are rebuilt each time they are raced and they are set up for optimum conditions on the flat surface of the track. When it comes to modifying a daily runaround car or hot hatch - we have to tune and apply modifications to our cars to work for a year without a service, run over pot holes and speed humps and cope with a variety of weather conditions and loads. We need to establish the sensible car tuning modifications (car mods) that will cope well with everyday driving but help you to get the maximum enjoyment from it. Styling modifications and car styling trends frequently change, we keep you up to date with the latest styling parts, modifications and tips with practical advice.
My motivation for creating this site was the misleading claims made by the manufacturers of performance parts. They often quote power gains of 30bhp and in reality this was achieved on a v8 engine in ideal lab conditions. In the real world some of these mods can rob you of low down power and Torque.
Aug 15, 2009
Fuel taxes
The costs of automobile usage, which may include the cost of: acquiring the vehicle, repairs, maintenance, fuel, depreciation, parking fees, tire replacement, taxes and insurance,[30] are weighed against the cost of the alternatives, and the value of the benefits - perceived and real - of vehicle usage. The benefits may include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence and convenience.[7]
Main article: Effects of the automobile on societies
Similarly the costs to society of encompassing automobile use, which may include those of: maintaining roads, land use, pollution, public health, health care, and of disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life, can be balanced against the value of the benefits to society that automobile use generates. The societal benefits may include: economy benefits, such as job and wealth creation, of automobile production and maintenance, transportation provision, society wellbeing derived from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from the tax opportunities. The ability for humans to move flexibly from place to place has far reaching implications for the nature of societies. [31]
Environmental impact
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page.
Further information: Global warming
Transportation is a major contributor to air pollution in most industrialised nations. According to the American Surface Transportation Policy Project nearly half of all Americans are breathing unhealthy air. Their study showed air quality in dozens of metropolitan areas has got worse over the last decade.[32] In the United States the average passenger car emits 11,450 lbs (5 tonnes) of carbon dioxide, along with smaller amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen.[33]
Animals and plants are often negatively impacted by automobiles via habitat destruction and pollution. Over the lifetime of the average automobile the "loss of habitat potential" may be over 50,000 square meters (538,195 square feet) based on Primary production correlations.[34]
Fuel taxes may act as an incentive for the production of more efficient, hence less polluting, car designs (e.g. hybrid vehicles) and the development of alternative fuels. High fuel taxes may provide a strong incentive for consumers to purchase lighter, smaller, more fuel-efficient cars, or to not drive. On average, today's automobiles are about 75 percent recyclable, and using recycled steel helps reduce energy use and pollution.[35] In the United States Congress, federally mandated fuel efficiency standards have been debated regularly, passenger car standards have not risen above the 27.5 miles per US gallon (8.55 L/100 km; 33.0 mpg-imp) standard set in 1985. Light truck standards have changed more frequently, and were set at 22.2 miles per US gallon (10.6 L/100 km; 26.7 mpg-imp) in 2007.[36] Alternative fuel vehicles are another option that is less polluting than conventional petroleum powered vehicles.
Main article: Effects of the automobile on societies
Similarly the costs to society of encompassing automobile use, which may include those of: maintaining roads, land use, pollution, public health, health care, and of disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life, can be balanced against the value of the benefits to society that automobile use generates. The societal benefits may include: economy benefits, such as job and wealth creation, of automobile production and maintenance, transportation provision, society wellbeing derived from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from the tax opportunities. The ability for humans to move flexibly from place to place has far reaching implications for the nature of societies. [31]
Environmental impact
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page.
Further information: Global warming
Transportation is a major contributor to air pollution in most industrialised nations. According to the American Surface Transportation Policy Project nearly half of all Americans are breathing unhealthy air. Their study showed air quality in dozens of metropolitan areas has got worse over the last decade.[32] In the United States the average passenger car emits 11,450 lbs (5 tonnes) of carbon dioxide, along with smaller amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen.[33]
Animals and plants are often negatively impacted by automobiles via habitat destruction and pollution. Over the lifetime of the average automobile the "loss of habitat potential" may be over 50,000 square meters (538,195 square feet) based on Primary production correlations.[34]
Fuel taxes may act as an incentive for the production of more efficient, hence less polluting, car designs (e.g. hybrid vehicles) and the development of alternative fuels. High fuel taxes may provide a strong incentive for consumers to purchase lighter, smaller, more fuel-efficient cars, or to not drive. On average, today's automobiles are about 75 percent recyclable, and using recycled steel helps reduce energy use and pollution.[35] In the United States Congress, federally mandated fuel efficiency standards have been debated regularly, passenger car standards have not risen above the 27.5 miles per US gallon (8.55 L/100 km; 33.0 mpg-imp) standard set in 1985. Light truck standards have changed more frequently, and were set at 22.2 miles per US gallon (10.6 L/100 km; 26.7 mpg-imp) in 2007.[36] Alternative fuel vehicles are another option that is less polluting than conventional petroleum powered vehicles.
fuel injection
Most automobiles in use today are propelled by gasoline (also known as petrol) or diesel internal combustion engines, which are known to cause air pollution and are also blamed for contributing to climate change and global warming.[14] Increasing costs of oil-based fuels, tightening environmental laws and restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions are propelling work on alternative power systems for automobiles. Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include the development of hybrid vehicles, and electric and hydrogen vehicles which do not release pollution into the air.
Petroleum fuels
Main article: Petroleum fuel engine
Diesel
Main article: Diesel engine
Diesel-engined cars have long been popular in Europe with the first models being introduced as early as 1922 [15] by Peugeot and the first production car, Mercedes-Benz 260 D in 1936 by Mercedes-Benz. The main benefit of diesel engines is a 50% fuel burn efficiency compared with 27%[16] in the best gasoline engines. A down-side of the Diesel engine is that better filters are required to reduce the presence in the exhaust gases of fine soot particulates called diesel particulate matter. Manufacturers are now starting to fit[when?] diesel particulate filters to remove the soot. Many diesel-powered cars can run with little or no modifications on 100% biodiesel and combinations of other organic oils.
Gasoline
Main article: Petrol engine
2007 Mark II (BMW) Mini Cooper
Gasoline engines have the advantage over diesel in being lighter and able to work at higher rotational speeds and they are the usual choice for fitting in high-performance sports cars. Continuous development of gasoline engines for over a hundred years has produced improvements in efficiency and reduced pollution. The carburetor was used on nearly all road car engines until the 1980s but it was long realised better control of the fuel/air mixture could be achieved with fuel injection. Indirect fuel injection was first used in aircraft engines from 1909, in racing car engines from the 1930s, and road cars from the late 1950s.[16] Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) is now starting to appear in production vehicles such as the 2007 (Mark II) BMW Mini. Exhaust gases are also cleaned up by fitting a catalytic converter into the exhaust system. Clean air legislation in many of the car industries most important markets has made both catalysts and fuel injection virtually universal fittings. Most modern gasoline engines also are capable of running with up to 15% ethanol mixed into the gasoline - older vehicles may have seals and hoses that can be harmed by ethanol. With a small amount of redesign, gasoline-powered vehicles can run on ethanol concentrations as high as 85%. 100% ethanol is used in some parts of the world (such as Brazil), but vehicles must be started on pure gasoline and switched over to ethanol once the engine is running. Most gasoline engined cars can also run on LPG with the addition of an LPG tank for fuel storage and carburettor modifications to add an LPG mixer. LPG produces fewer toxic emissions and is a popular fuel for fork-lift trucks that have to operate inside buildings.
Petroleum fuels
Main article: Petroleum fuel engine
Diesel
Main article: Diesel engine
Diesel-engined cars have long been popular in Europe with the first models being introduced as early as 1922 [15] by Peugeot and the first production car, Mercedes-Benz 260 D in 1936 by Mercedes-Benz. The main benefit of diesel engines is a 50% fuel burn efficiency compared with 27%[16] in the best gasoline engines. A down-side of the Diesel engine is that better filters are required to reduce the presence in the exhaust gases of fine soot particulates called diesel particulate matter. Manufacturers are now starting to fit[when?] diesel particulate filters to remove the soot. Many diesel-powered cars can run with little or no modifications on 100% biodiesel and combinations of other organic oils.
Gasoline
Main article: Petrol engine
2007 Mark II (BMW) Mini Cooper
Gasoline engines have the advantage over diesel in being lighter and able to work at higher rotational speeds and they are the usual choice for fitting in high-performance sports cars. Continuous development of gasoline engines for over a hundred years has produced improvements in efficiency and reduced pollution. The carburetor was used on nearly all road car engines until the 1980s but it was long realised better control of the fuel/air mixture could be achieved with fuel injection. Indirect fuel injection was first used in aircraft engines from 1909, in racing car engines from the 1930s, and road cars from the late 1950s.[16] Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) is now starting to appear in production vehicles such as the 2007 (Mark II) BMW Mini. Exhaust gases are also cleaned up by fitting a catalytic converter into the exhaust system. Clean air legislation in many of the car industries most important markets has made both catalysts and fuel injection virtually universal fittings. Most modern gasoline engines also are capable of running with up to 15% ethanol mixed into the gasoline - older vehicles may have seals and hoses that can be harmed by ethanol. With a small amount of redesign, gasoline-powered vehicles can run on ethanol concentrations as high as 85%. 100% ethanol is used in some parts of the world (such as Brazil), but vehicles must be started on pure gasoline and switched over to ethanol once the engine is running. Most gasoline engined cars can also run on LPG with the addition of an LPG tank for fuel storage and carburettor modifications to add an LPG mixer. LPG produces fewer toxic emissions and is a popular fuel for fork-lift trucks that have to operate inside buildings.
Rudolf Diesel was granted
His first Motorwagen was built in 1885, and he was awarded the patent for its invention as of his application on January 29, 1886. Benz began promotion of the vehicle on July 3, 1886, and about 25 Benz vehicles were sold between 1888 and 1893, when his first four-wheeler was introduced along with a model intended for affordability. They also were powered with four-stroke engines of his own design. Emile Roger of France, already producing Benz engines under license, now added the Benz automobile to his line of products. Because France was more open to the early automobiles, initially more were built and sold in France through Roger than Benz sold in Germany.
In 1896, Benz designed and patented the first internal-combustion flat engine, called a boxermotor in German. During the last years of the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world with 572 units produced in 1899 and, because of its size, Benz & Cie., became a joint-stock company.
Daimler and Maybach founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (Daimler Motor Company, DMG) in Cannstatt in 1890, and under the brand name, Daimler, sold their first automobile in 1892, which was a horse-drawn stagecoach built by another manufacturer, that they retrofitted with an engine of their design. By 1895 about 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they set up shop after disputes with their backers. Benz and the Maybach and the Daimler team seem to have been unaware of each other's early work. They never worked together because, by the time of the merger of the two companies, Daimler and Maybach were no longer part of DMG.
Daimler died in 1900 and later that year, Maybach designed an engine named Daimler-Mercedes, that was placed in a specially-ordered model built to specifications set by Emil Jellinek. This was a production of a small number of vehicles for Jellinek to race and market in his country. Two years later, in 1902, a new model DMG automobile was produced and the model was named Mercedes after the Maybach engine which generated 35 hp. Maybach quit DMG shortly thereafter and opened a business of his own. Rights to the Daimler brand name were sold to other manufacturers.
Karl Benz proposed co-operation between DMG and Benz & Cie. when economic conditions began to deteriorate in Germany following the First World War, but the directors of DMG refused to consider it initially. Negotiations between the two companies resumed several years later when these conditions worsened and, in 1924 they signed an Agreement of Mutual Interest, valid until the year 2000. Both enterprises standardized design, production, purchasing, and sales and they advertised or marketed their automobile models jointly, although keeping their respective brands.
On June 28, 1926, Benz & Cie. and DMG finally merged as the Daimler-Benz company, baptizing all of its automobiles Mercedes Benz, as a brand honoring the most important model of the DMG automobiles, the Maybach design later referred to as the 1902 Mercedes-35hp, along with the Benz name. Karl Benz remained a member of the board of directors of Daimler-Benz until his death in 1929, and at times, his two sons participated in the management of the company as well.
In 1890, Emile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the automobile industry in France.
The first design for an American automobile with a gasoline internal combustion engine was drawn in 1877 by George Selden of Rochester, New York, who applied for a patent for an automobile in 1879, but the patent application expired because the vehicle was never built. After a delay of sixteen years and a series of attachments to his application, on November 5, 1895, Selden was granted a United States patent (U.S. Patent 549,160) for a two-stroke automobile engine, which hindered, more than encouraged, development of automobiles in the United States. His patent was challenged by Henry Ford and others, and overturned in 1911.
In Britain, there had been several attempts to build steam cars with varying degrees of success, with Thomas Rickett even attempting a production run in 1860.[11] Santler from Malvern is recognized by the Veteran Car Club of Great Britain as having made the first petrol-powered car in the country in 1894[12] followed by Frederick William Lanchester in 1895, but these were both one-offs.[12] The first production vehicles in Great Britain came from the Daimler Motor Company, a company founded by Harry J. Lawson in 1896, after purchasing the right to use the name of the engines. Lawson's company made its first automobiles in 1897, and they bore the name Daimler.[12]
In 1892, German engineer Rudolf Diesel was granted a patent for a "New Rational Combustion Engine". In 1897, he built the first Diesel Engine.[9] Steam-, electric-, and gasoline-powered vehicles competed for decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominance in the 1910s.
Although various pistonless rotary engine designs have attempted to compete with the conventional piston and crankshaft design, only Mazda's version of the Wankel engine has had more than very limited success.
In 1896, Benz designed and patented the first internal-combustion flat engine, called a boxermotor in German. During the last years of the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world with 572 units produced in 1899 and, because of its size, Benz & Cie., became a joint-stock company.
Daimler and Maybach founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (Daimler Motor Company, DMG) in Cannstatt in 1890, and under the brand name, Daimler, sold their first automobile in 1892, which was a horse-drawn stagecoach built by another manufacturer, that they retrofitted with an engine of their design. By 1895 about 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they set up shop after disputes with their backers. Benz and the Maybach and the Daimler team seem to have been unaware of each other's early work. They never worked together because, by the time of the merger of the two companies, Daimler and Maybach were no longer part of DMG.
Daimler died in 1900 and later that year, Maybach designed an engine named Daimler-Mercedes, that was placed in a specially-ordered model built to specifications set by Emil Jellinek. This was a production of a small number of vehicles for Jellinek to race and market in his country. Two years later, in 1902, a new model DMG automobile was produced and the model was named Mercedes after the Maybach engine which generated 35 hp. Maybach quit DMG shortly thereafter and opened a business of his own. Rights to the Daimler brand name were sold to other manufacturers.
Karl Benz proposed co-operation between DMG and Benz & Cie. when economic conditions began to deteriorate in Germany following the First World War, but the directors of DMG refused to consider it initially. Negotiations between the two companies resumed several years later when these conditions worsened and, in 1924 they signed an Agreement of Mutual Interest, valid until the year 2000. Both enterprises standardized design, production, purchasing, and sales and they advertised or marketed their automobile models jointly, although keeping their respective brands.
On June 28, 1926, Benz & Cie. and DMG finally merged as the Daimler-Benz company, baptizing all of its automobiles Mercedes Benz, as a brand honoring the most important model of the DMG automobiles, the Maybach design later referred to as the 1902 Mercedes-35hp, along with the Benz name. Karl Benz remained a member of the board of directors of Daimler-Benz until his death in 1929, and at times, his two sons participated in the management of the company as well.
In 1890, Emile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the automobile industry in France.
The first design for an American automobile with a gasoline internal combustion engine was drawn in 1877 by George Selden of Rochester, New York, who applied for a patent for an automobile in 1879, but the patent application expired because the vehicle was never built. After a delay of sixteen years and a series of attachments to his application, on November 5, 1895, Selden was granted a United States patent (U.S. Patent 549,160) for a two-stroke automobile engine, which hindered, more than encouraged, development of automobiles in the United States. His patent was challenged by Henry Ford and others, and overturned in 1911.
In Britain, there had been several attempts to build steam cars with varying degrees of success, with Thomas Rickett even attempting a production run in 1860.[11] Santler from Malvern is recognized by the Veteran Car Club of Great Britain as having made the first petrol-powered car in the country in 1894[12] followed by Frederick William Lanchester in 1895, but these were both one-offs.[12] The first production vehicles in Great Britain came from the Daimler Motor Company, a company founded by Harry J. Lawson in 1896, after purchasing the right to use the name of the engines. Lawson's company made its first automobiles in 1897, and they bore the name Daimler.[12]
In 1892, German engineer Rudolf Diesel was granted a patent for a "New Rational Combustion Engine". In 1897, he built the first Diesel Engine.[9] Steam-, electric-, and gasoline-powered vehicles competed for decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominance in the 1910s.
Although various pistonless rotary engine designs have attempted to compete with the conventional piston and crankshaft design, only Mazda's version of the Wankel engine has had more than very limited success.
Gustave Trouvé
member of a Jesuit mission in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672 which was of small scale and designed as a toy for the Chinese Emperor, that was unable to carry a driver or a passenger, but quite possibly, was the first working steam-powered vehicle ('auto-mobile').[6][7]
Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769, by adapting an existing horse-drawn vehicle, this claim is disputed by some[citation needed], who doubt Cugnot's three-wheeler ever ran or was stable. What is not in doubt is that Richard Trevithick built and demonstrated his Puffing Devil road locomotive in 1801, believed by many to be the first demonstration of a steam-powered road vehicle, although it was unable to maintain sufficient steam pressure for long periods, and would have been of little practical use.
In Russia, in the 1780s, Ivan Kulibin developed a human-pedalled, three-wheeled carriage with modern features such as a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearings; however, it was not developed further.[8]
François Isaac de Rivaz, a Swiss inventor, designed the first internal combustion engine, in 1806, which was fueled by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen and used it to develop the world's first vehicle, albeit rudimentary, to be powered by such an engine. The design was not very successful, as was the case with others, such as Samuel Brown, Samuel Morey, and Etienne Lenoir with his hippomobile, who each produced vehicles (usually adapted carriages or carts) powered by clumsy internal combustion engines.[9]
In November 1881, French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile that was powered by electricity. This was at the International Exhibition of Electricity in Paris.[10]
Although several other German engineers (including Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach, and Siegfried Marcus) were working on the problem at about the same time, Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile.[9]
An automobile powered by his own four-stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in Mannheim, Germany by Karl Benz in 1885, and granted a patent in January of the following year under the auspices of his major company, Benz & Cie., which was founded in 1883. It was an integral design, without the adaptation of other existing components, and included several new technological elements to create a new concept. This is what made it worthy of a patent.
Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769, by adapting an existing horse-drawn vehicle, this claim is disputed by some[citation needed], who doubt Cugnot's three-wheeler ever ran or was stable. What is not in doubt is that Richard Trevithick built and demonstrated his Puffing Devil road locomotive in 1801, believed by many to be the first demonstration of a steam-powered road vehicle, although it was unable to maintain sufficient steam pressure for long periods, and would have been of little practical use.
In Russia, in the 1780s, Ivan Kulibin developed a human-pedalled, three-wheeled carriage with modern features such as a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearings; however, it was not developed further.[8]
François Isaac de Rivaz, a Swiss inventor, designed the first internal combustion engine, in 1806, which was fueled by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen and used it to develop the world's first vehicle, albeit rudimentary, to be powered by such an engine. The design was not very successful, as was the case with others, such as Samuel Brown, Samuel Morey, and Etienne Lenoir with his hippomobile, who each produced vehicles (usually adapted carriages or carts) powered by clumsy internal combustion engines.[9]
In November 1881, French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile that was powered by electricity. This was at the International Exhibition of Electricity in Paris.[10]
Although several other German engineers (including Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach, and Siegfried Marcus) were working on the problem at about the same time, Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile.[9]
An automobile powered by his own four-stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in Mannheim, Germany by Karl Benz in 1885, and granted a patent in January of the following year under the auspices of his major company, Benz & Cie., which was founded in 1883. It was an integral design, without the adaptation of other existing components, and included several new technological elements to create a new concept. This is what made it worthy of a patent.
Aug 8, 2009
The Heat
That may be a special problem. That, while three more will go to the Indonesian market. And, sure akan brisk competition in the small sedan segment 1.500cc. PT TAM alone until the end of years ago would have not been honest about the plan said the launch of Vios. "Without bermasud deny the possibility that, if possible also control the market with almost 50 percent in the mini-class sedan through SOLUNA, we will change something that is still a good market response at this time?" word Hendrayadi Lastiyoso, Communications Manager of PT TAM in an opportunity in Jakarta, has not been this long.
Plainly, SOLUNA success in the local market during this indeed can be spelled out very fantastic. Perhaps, this is owing to the big Toyota is already inherent in the Indonesian consumer. So, the person is no longer concerned with spek SOLUNA the actual "no-apanya what" is. It is important, this is Toyota. Until until-they also do not care nearly SOLUNA that the latter is better known as taxis rather than public personal or family sedan.
According to the notes of PT TAM, to early November 2002 the successful ago SOLUNA at least 40.7 percent of the small sedan market in Indonesia. For a product that is still relatively young age, performance is clearly exceptional. In fact, Honda is also a big name, or who have Beleno spek far more luxurious, gasp pursued and Reliability SOLUNA in the market.
Toyota Vios will be able to record the achievements of the future? Still difficult to be predicted. Soalnya, Vios prices that appear with better than spek SOLUNA, akan certainly more expensive. Similarly new City or new Baleno.
Indomobil not actually own the competitors tremble too-their competitors. The launch of Suzuki Aerio, five-seat MPV that actually have a machine that is still spek sekeluarga with Liana (New Baleno), seems to be test case. Although the other segment, a successful launch at the beginning of the Aerio can convince people that the Indomobil Liana will also be a good place in the Indonesian market. "Living the waiting time and readiness of our production units in Tambun, Bekasi," said Bebin Djuana, Marketing Manager of PT Indomobil Commerce International in an opportunity in Jakarta, has not been this long.
Baleno market itself is actually also not very ugly-ugly in Indonesia. When the market SOLUNA successful record of 3,952 units in the first quarter of 2002, the Beleno enough success with the 2252 unit. The market is still far below the SOLUNA. Only about 25 percent. But, clearly, this also can not be regarded lightly by Toyota. And, when the New Baleno Liana or later slide, both Toyota and Honda have also how to face more serious.
Technically, it is clear Liana, more powerful than the Baleno. The engine is able to eject 1.586cc maximum energy 104.6 hp at 5500 rpm and 144 Nm of torsi at 4000 rpm. It is equipped with a range of luxury facilities such as reinforced doors, seatbelts for five passengers, plus dual front airbags. Moreover, additional protection is presented through the steering lock is strong and can be enabled through the chip in the original key.
How about the New Honda City? Jonfis Fandy, Sales and Marketing Manager of PT Honda Prospect Motor, this is not long to ensure that New City will slide this year. Perhaps, akan less quickly than the two competitors. "Maybe the new mid-2003," he said this has not been long in Jakarta.
According Fandy, age City market in Indonesia is already long be calculated. City was first launched in 1996. "Generally, Honda make total change between four to six years," he said. Changes this time are much more spectacular.
Both Vios, Liana or the New City is in fact appear in several other Southeast Asian countries. Vios is mejeng in China, and New City is also a lot of people say get in Singapore.
Moment, three-blade 1.500cc sedan is soon to come and pull Indonesian market. Who will appear as the champion? Memaralkannya still difficult. All have a comparative advantage. All consumers have the certainty fanatis. Therefore, the delay before buy SOLUNA, Baleno or City. Moment their brethren will soon be born. Moment the market will be more glorious.
cab
1. The Gladiators
D-cab is now no longer limited only to workers as a horse. Teknologl.dan features that applied to the d-cab, can now disejajarkan with middle-class SUV. Tertangguh not necessarily the best. Compromise terbaiklah entitled to occupy the highest throne. ... detail
2. New Toyota Wish
Wish Toyota family car now comes with more fresh, more aggressive look and more sporti. Wish this generation was introduced in Japan last week. Latest generation engine makes 15% more efficient from the preceding. ... detail
3. You a Provençal: Autobild, Wednesday April 08, 2009
Car test our long-term, Toyota Vios G bertransmisi auto mileage has exceeded 30,000 km. During the journey up to that distance, the reliability of the Small Sedan Vios is really teruji. ... detail
4. Maju Kena Kena Backward: Automotive, Thursday 09 April 2009
Klan Corolla, Civic and Lancer had become a 'deadly trio' sedan class to the era of the 90's end. Sales demand sweet with a large market share. ... detail
5. New Toyota Wish
Wish Toyota family car now comes with more fresh, more aggressive look and more sporti. Wish this generation was introduced in Japan last week. Latest generation engine makes 15% more efficient from the preceding. ... detail
6. Scion iQ Concept
Toyota Scion iQ display in the exhibition concept car New York International Motor Show began last week. Car is a tiny model of the latest rumor circulating since Scion Toyota iQ introduced years ago. ... detail
7. Stay Out of gas Pun Served
Be happy with a Lexus 250h HS. Luxury car that will cruise in the summer in the United States have been equipped with various safety and security features that have not been there in the versions before Lexus. ... detail
8. There is More Toyota SOLUNA cock? They used to Speech Lyrics
Nearly no one product that escape from the Toyota consumer interests. Including sedan that had started long ini.Toh, do not go the price collapse. Even former version taksinya also recognized potential consumers still have high prices. ... detail
9. New Toyota Wish - The athletic, vitality Full
Although not be regarded "cars in demand," Toyota Wish has the market itself. Create confidence that Toyota Japan released a new Wish. The engine more vigorous, more athletic bodinya. ... detail
10. People Carrier contention - Autobild, Friday 17 April 2009
Suzuki and Toyota compete in the tight crevice transporter family. Daihatsu time now participate in this class play with a different concept. Finally, change the face of Suzuki APV Arena to attract consumers. Who will be the ruler in this class?
D-cab is now no longer limited only to workers as a horse. Teknologl.dan features that applied to the d-cab, can now disejajarkan with middle-class SUV. Tertangguh not necessarily the best. Compromise terbaiklah entitled to occupy the highest throne. ... detail
2. New Toyota Wish
Wish Toyota family car now comes with more fresh, more aggressive look and more sporti. Wish this generation was introduced in Japan last week. Latest generation engine makes 15% more efficient from the preceding. ... detail
3. You a Provençal: Autobild, Wednesday April 08, 2009
Car test our long-term, Toyota Vios G bertransmisi auto mileage has exceeded 30,000 km. During the journey up to that distance, the reliability of the Small Sedan Vios is really teruji. ... detail
4. Maju Kena Kena Backward: Automotive, Thursday 09 April 2009
Klan Corolla, Civic and Lancer had become a 'deadly trio' sedan class to the era of the 90's end. Sales demand sweet with a large market share. ... detail
5. New Toyota Wish
Wish Toyota family car now comes with more fresh, more aggressive look and more sporti. Wish this generation was introduced in Japan last week. Latest generation engine makes 15% more efficient from the preceding. ... detail
6. Scion iQ Concept
Toyota Scion iQ display in the exhibition concept car New York International Motor Show began last week. Car is a tiny model of the latest rumor circulating since Scion Toyota iQ introduced years ago. ... detail
7. Stay Out of gas Pun Served
Be happy with a Lexus 250h HS. Luxury car that will cruise in the summer in the United States have been equipped with various safety and security features that have not been there in the versions before Lexus. ... detail
8. There is More Toyota SOLUNA cock? They used to Speech Lyrics
Nearly no one product that escape from the Toyota consumer interests. Including sedan that had started long ini.Toh, do not go the price collapse. Even former version taksinya also recognized potential consumers still have high prices. ... detail
9. New Toyota Wish - The athletic, vitality Full
Although not be regarded "cars in demand," Toyota Wish has the market itself. Create confidence that Toyota Japan released a new Wish. The engine more vigorous, more athletic bodinya. ... detail
10. People Carrier contention - Autobild, Friday 17 April 2009
Suzuki and Toyota compete in the tight crevice transporter family. Daihatsu time now participate in this class play with a different concept. Finally, change the face of Suzuki APV Arena to attract consumers. Who will be the ruler in this class?
Toyota sedan of the National Automotive Market
Jakarta - Toyota Sedan the national automotive market. In November 2008, Toyota still retain dominasinya sedan on the market with total sales of 1,319 units of sedan or the 60.6% market share. While the year 2008 (Jan-Nov), total sales at Toyota sedan class as much as 16,392 units sedan. Where the Vios, Corolla Altis and Camry became the ruler in each class.
Vios in November to become market leader in the mini-class sedan led the market with 66.2% market share where the successful sale of a number of 602 units. Throughout January to November 2008 this was a whole Vios to be the best in its class with a total sales figure of 5470 units.
While in the class small sedan, Toyota Corolla Altis to be the best with the market share of 36% with sales figures in November as many as 141 units.
Market for medium sedan, Toyota Camry remains the best with the market with the successful sales figures of 208 units and the market was 59.1%.
"We are very grateful to the consumers who remain loyal to the Toyota. We always provide the best product on the Toyota, the Toyota-class sedan is to provide the best of the comfort, safety, performance and best value and class. This is the sedan that Toyota is the best in Indonesia. " said Johnny Darmawan, President Director of PT Toyota-Astra Motor.
Jul 30, 2009
Jun 6, 2009
The third-largest car market in Southeast Asia
JAKARTA - Indonesia's automotive industry is booming. Easily obtainable credit and low interest rates, coupled with a strong increase in consumer lending by banks and an abundance of new, low-priced models assembled locally, have fueled a car boom that shows no signs of slowing down.
Figures from Gaikindo (the Association of Indonesian Automotive Manufacturers) show that around 483,000 cars were sold in 2004, up 36% on 2003, with sales growing at a pace second only to China. Indonesia is now the third-largest car market in Southeast Asia after Thailand, where an estimated 620,000 cars were sold, and Malaysia, with some 485,000 cars sold last year. This year's first-quarter car sales increased by 38.5% to 93,627 from 67,595 in 2003 and Gaikindo predicts around 530,000 units will be sold by the end of the year. Increased demand could see sales reach 1.3 million cars a year by 2010.
Poor infrastructure, legal uncertainty and a lack of tax incentives have been blamed for declining foreign investment in the sector, but still it remains a key pillar of the economy with investments totaling more than US$7 billion and generating employment of over 300,000. The economy expanded by 5.1% last year, mainly spurred by consumption, and is expected to continue on track, spurring hopes of continued demand for cars.
Car manufacturers across the globe are competing in Indonesia, but domestic manufacturers are little more than assemblers for foreign car makers. International players control 90% of the market, with the rest shared by the US, European and Korean imports, the majority from Europe. Like several other regional markets, Japanese manufacturers have the lion's share of sales. In 2004, Japanese brands (Toyota, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, Isuzu, Daihatsu, Honda, Nissan, Hino and Mazda), either locally assembled or imported, accounted for 81.5% of passenger-car sales.
The homegrown automotive giant, publicly listed PT Astra International, is 42% owned by Singapore's Jardine Cycle and Carriage. Astra leads the pack and last year increased its market share to 45% from 41.5% in 2003. The company sold over 483,000 vehicles, including exports, and saw its net income surge to a record high of Rp5.4 trillion ($577.54 million).
Car makers are also expanding their existing production capacity to meet demand and exploit the market potential from the relatively low ratio of car ownership in the world's fourth most populated country. Less than 1 in 35 Indonesians owns a car, compared with 1 in 14 Thais and 1 in 7 Malaysians, suggesting potential for even more growth.
Figures from Gaikindo (the Association of Indonesian Automotive Manufacturers) show that around 483,000 cars were sold in 2004, up 36% on 2003, with sales growing at a pace second only to China. Indonesia is now the third-largest car market in Southeast Asia after Thailand, where an estimated 620,000 cars were sold, and Malaysia, with some 485,000 cars sold last year. This year's first-quarter car sales increased by 38.5% to 93,627 from 67,595 in 2003 and Gaikindo predicts around 530,000 units will be sold by the end of the year. Increased demand could see sales reach 1.3 million cars a year by 2010.
Poor infrastructure, legal uncertainty and a lack of tax incentives have been blamed for declining foreign investment in the sector, but still it remains a key pillar of the economy with investments totaling more than US$7 billion and generating employment of over 300,000. The economy expanded by 5.1% last year, mainly spurred by consumption, and is expected to continue on track, spurring hopes of continued demand for cars.
Car manufacturers across the globe are competing in Indonesia, but domestic manufacturers are little more than assemblers for foreign car makers. International players control 90% of the market, with the rest shared by the US, European and Korean imports, the majority from Europe. Like several other regional markets, Japanese manufacturers have the lion's share of sales. In 2004, Japanese brands (Toyota, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, Isuzu, Daihatsu, Honda, Nissan, Hino and Mazda), either locally assembled or imported, accounted for 81.5% of passenger-car sales.
The homegrown automotive giant, publicly listed PT Astra International, is 42% owned by Singapore's Jardine Cycle and Carriage. Astra leads the pack and last year increased its market share to 45% from 41.5% in 2003. The company sold over 483,000 vehicles, including exports, and saw its net income surge to a record high of Rp5.4 trillion ($577.54 million).
Car makers are also expanding their existing production capacity to meet demand and exploit the market potential from the relatively low ratio of car ownership in the world's fourth most populated country. Less than 1 in 35 Indonesians owns a car, compared with 1 in 14 Thais and 1 in 7 Malaysians, suggesting potential for even more growth.
May 28, 2009
Indonesian 3PL Automotive Sector Increased Awareness to Drive Growth
Increased awareness of the benefits of third party logistics (3PL) among local automakers in Indonesia is likely to drive growth in the 3PL automotive sector.
New analysis from Frost & Sullivan (www.transportation.frost.com), Strategic Analysis of 3PL Markets in the Indonesian Automotive Sector, reveals that the 3PL market for the Indonesian automotive sector reached USD86.5 million in 2006, and it is estimated to reach USD258.3 million in 2013.
If you are interested in a virtual brochure, which provides manufacturers, end users, and other industry participants with a strategic overview of the 3PL markets in the Indonesian automotive sector, then send an e-mail to Ravinder Kaur, Corporate Communications, at ravinder.kaur@frost.com , with your full name, company name, title, telephone number, fax number, and e-mail address. Upon receipt of the above information, an overview will be sent to you by e-mail.
"Witnessing the benefits gained by foreign automakers by using 3PL services, domestic automakers have also begun to use them," says Frost & Sullivan Research Analyst Keow Soon Hiong.
"More automakers are starting to believe that 3PL companies can provide them with professional logistics solutions, trigger more innovative ideas in managing their supply chain and increase their competitive advantages in the market," he adds.
Keow also says that the entry of foreign automakers and automotive logistics companies further expands the 3PL market.
He adds that most of the major players in the Indonesian automotive sector were joint venture companies between the local state-owned companies and foreign multinational automakers.
"The foreign automakers had invited international automotive logistics companies to provide advanced technologies and logistics solutions to suit their needs, thus leading to market growth," he says.
He also says that the consistently high importance given by the Indonesian government to the logistics sector through the steady development of related infrastructure in the country such as developing organized railway and roadway system some funded entirely by the government and others through private enterprise and foreign participation (Toll Road concept) are likely to improve the efficiency of in land transportation scenario in Indonesia.
These will definitely favor the growth of automotive 3PL market in Indonesia.
However, expanding domestic network coverage is becoming a major challenge due to the lack of well-developed infrastructure connecting the Indonesian archipelago. The uncertain political situation that exists across the islands of Indonesia also affects investments from private enterprisers. It is important that the service providers assess the geographic needs and accordingly offer advanced services such as just in time (JIT) logistics.
"In addition, the highly complex federal regulations set by the Indonesian Government prove difficult for foreign logistics service providers, curtailing their efforts to offer complete nation-wide solutions to their clients," notes Keow.
"The use of cost-effective 2PL solution by Indonesian automakers also acts as a major market deterrent," he adds.
3PL service providers can allay such challenges by introducing customized solutions at relatively lower price to help the Indonesian automotive sector to effectively tap the under-explored potential markets in the rural areas, and in the low-economic regions. To enable this, 3PL providers are likely to build nationwide infrastructure by investing heavily in transportation and warehousing so as to offer a complete logistics solution.
Future market development depends on promoting logistics-related professional courses, which would help eliminate the shortage of logistics professionals over the years. By 2010, the market is expected to grow significantly as a result of the Indonesian Government's ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) agreement, which will allow free import and export activity in the market.
Strategic Analysis of 3PL markets in the Indonesian Automotive Sector is part of the Automotive & Transportation Growth Partnership Service, which also includes strategic analysis of 3PL markets in the Chinese automotive, retail, and FMCG sectors; the 3PL markets in the Indian retail, FMCG, IT Hardware and consumer electronics sectors; 3PL markets in the Malaysian FMCG and automotive sectors; and also the trends and preferences of ASEAN 4 logistics users. All research included in subscriptions provide detailed market opportunities and industry trends that have been evaluated following extensive interviews with market participants. Interviews with the press are available.
Frost & Sullivan, a global growth consulting company, has been partnering with clients to support the development of innovative strategies for more than 40 years. The company's industry expertise integrates growth consulting, growth partnership service, and corporate management training to identify and develop opportunities. Frost & Sullivan serves an extensive clientele that includes Global 1000 companies, emerging companies, and the investment community by providing comprehensive industry coverage that reflects a unique global perspective and combines ongoing analysis of markets, technologies, econometrics, and demographics. For more information, visit www.frost.com.
New analysis from Frost & Sullivan (www.transportation.frost.com), Strategic Analysis of 3PL Markets in the Indonesian Automotive Sector, reveals that the 3PL market for the Indonesian automotive sector reached USD86.5 million in 2006, and it is estimated to reach USD258.3 million in 2013.
If you are interested in a virtual brochure, which provides manufacturers, end users, and other industry participants with a strategic overview of the 3PL markets in the Indonesian automotive sector, then send an e-mail to Ravinder Kaur, Corporate Communications, at ravinder.kaur@frost.com , with your full name, company name, title, telephone number, fax number, and e-mail address. Upon receipt of the above information, an overview will be sent to you by e-mail.
"Witnessing the benefits gained by foreign automakers by using 3PL services, domestic automakers have also begun to use them," says Frost & Sullivan Research Analyst Keow Soon Hiong.
"More automakers are starting to believe that 3PL companies can provide them with professional logistics solutions, trigger more innovative ideas in managing their supply chain and increase their competitive advantages in the market," he adds.
Keow also says that the entry of foreign automakers and automotive logistics companies further expands the 3PL market.
He adds that most of the major players in the Indonesian automotive sector were joint venture companies between the local state-owned companies and foreign multinational automakers.
"The foreign automakers had invited international automotive logistics companies to provide advanced technologies and logistics solutions to suit their needs, thus leading to market growth," he says.
He also says that the consistently high importance given by the Indonesian government to the logistics sector through the steady development of related infrastructure in the country such as developing organized railway and roadway system some funded entirely by the government and others through private enterprise and foreign participation (Toll Road concept) are likely to improve the efficiency of in land transportation scenario in Indonesia.
These will definitely favor the growth of automotive 3PL market in Indonesia.
However, expanding domestic network coverage is becoming a major challenge due to the lack of well-developed infrastructure connecting the Indonesian archipelago. The uncertain political situation that exists across the islands of Indonesia also affects investments from private enterprisers. It is important that the service providers assess the geographic needs and accordingly offer advanced services such as just in time (JIT) logistics.
"In addition, the highly complex federal regulations set by the Indonesian Government prove difficult for foreign logistics service providers, curtailing their efforts to offer complete nation-wide solutions to their clients," notes Keow.
"The use of cost-effective 2PL solution by Indonesian automakers also acts as a major market deterrent," he adds.
3PL service providers can allay such challenges by introducing customized solutions at relatively lower price to help the Indonesian automotive sector to effectively tap the under-explored potential markets in the rural areas, and in the low-economic regions. To enable this, 3PL providers are likely to build nationwide infrastructure by investing heavily in transportation and warehousing so as to offer a complete logistics solution.
Future market development depends on promoting logistics-related professional courses, which would help eliminate the shortage of logistics professionals over the years. By 2010, the market is expected to grow significantly as a result of the Indonesian Government's ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) agreement, which will allow free import and export activity in the market.
Strategic Analysis of 3PL markets in the Indonesian Automotive Sector is part of the Automotive & Transportation Growth Partnership Service, which also includes strategic analysis of 3PL markets in the Chinese automotive, retail, and FMCG sectors; the 3PL markets in the Indian retail, FMCG, IT Hardware and consumer electronics sectors; 3PL markets in the Malaysian FMCG and automotive sectors; and also the trends and preferences of ASEAN 4 logistics users. All research included in subscriptions provide detailed market opportunities and industry trends that have been evaluated following extensive interviews with market participants. Interviews with the press are available.
Frost & Sullivan, a global growth consulting company, has been partnering with clients to support the development of innovative strategies for more than 40 years. The company's industry expertise integrates growth consulting, growth partnership service, and corporate management training to identify and develop opportunities. Frost & Sullivan serves an extensive clientele that includes Global 1000 companies, emerging companies, and the investment community by providing comprehensive industry coverage that reflects a unique global perspective and combines ongoing analysis of markets, technologies, econometrics, and demographics. For more information, visit www.frost.com.
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